Caffeine Lab Report - 769 Words

Isolation of a Natural product, in the experiment caffeine [C8H10N4O2], is based on a series of procedures. Firstly, it is important to examine the structure of caffeine which is an alkaloid. Typically alkaloids are nitrogen based and found in plants, caffeine itself is composed of a purine ring with functional groups of a amide, amine and alkene respectively. Furthermore, Caffeine includeds a lone pair on the nitrogen atom asserting several functional properties(Zhao et al. 206). Under examination of the caffeine structure several intermolecular forces are present including hyrdogen bonding, dipole dipole forces and Van der Waals forces. What this indicates is that caffeine is a polar molecule and reacts moderatley hydrophobically in the†¦show more content†¦In the solid-liquid extraction all water soluble components were sepreated along with the caffeine including the tannins. To further isolate the caffeine and obtain a purer product it was necessary to add sodium carbona te(Zhao et al. 208). This acidic- base reaction (tannins being the acid electrophile and sodium carbonate the base nucleophile) forms conjugate base phenolic salts. Tannins are acidic and thus have an–OH group directly bound to their aromatic ring the addition of a weaker base allows for the deprotonation of said –OH group. Then when the methylene chloride was added the tannins, now a phenolic salt, were insoluble thus resulting in the formation of two layers (organic and aqeous). The aqeuous layer now contains the tannins and chlorphyll and the organic layer the caffeine. This occurs because caffeine is more soluble in the methylene chloride and thus is separtaed into the same layer and the tannin salts and chlorophyll which are insoluble in the methylene chloride remain in the aqeous layer. The organic layer is extracted and undergeos this same washing process again in order to extract the maximum amount of product. Once enough caffeine was extracted a drying agen t of anyhydrous sulfate was added to remove any of the excess water in the organic layer and placed in a hot chamber to evaporate off the methylene chloride. The remaining crystals underwent recrystalization to obtain a pure substance. (Zhao et al. 208). Additional caffeine extractionShow MoreRelatedMelting Point Of Caffeine Lab Report1937 Words   |  8 Pagesisolation of a natural product from a biological source using extraction techniques, and to demonstrate purification by sublimation. We are isolating caffeine from tea. The goals of the experiment are to successfully extract caffeine from the tea solution and to further purify it by sublimation. 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Process to Becoming a Successful Mother and Student Free Essays

The role of a mother is a highly demanding role in itself. Making the choice to become a mother and a college student is even more demanding. Once that choice has been determined, one wants to ensure that they are effective at balancing the two roles successfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Process to Becoming a Successful Mother and Student or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will describe how to maintain a healthy balance between being a successful mother and a successful college student. I implemented a particular process when I decided to enroll in college. I am a mother of 4 children and a step mother of 3 children. I knew that in order to succeed in college and maintain a healthy relationship with my children, I would have to put order into place in both areas of my life. The key to becoming and maintaining success as a mother and a student is centered around organization. The organizational process to being a successful mother and student includes many steps. Those steps include: establishing specific and achievable goals, setting priorities, possessing a mind set of determinatation and devotion, being self disciplined and structured, and lastly, being able to still have time to love and laugh with your family. The first step in my process was establishing specific and achievable goals. I knew what I wanted to do, so I had to get a little more specific with my goals. My goal consisted of the date I planned to graduate, where I wanted to start my career and a dollar figure that I hoped to make. Once I had my goals in place, I then developed the mind set needed to start the mother/student role in movement. I knew I would need to be solely committed and devoted to attending school and maintaining a healthy relationship with my family. I also would remind myself on a daily basis of what my goals were. That would help me continue to be determined and devoted. Once I was enrolled at school and had a schedule in place, my next step was to implement a structed routine. To make this routine, I created a term schedule (fixed, unchanging) for each week. This schedule would list all events in my life for that week that were could not be changed or rescheduled. That would include my class schedule, appropriate study/homework time for each class, doctor appointments for myself or children, commute time to and from school, extracurricular activities for children, church times, meal preparation times, daily chores, allotted family time and sleep times. The term schedule was very detailed, I scheduled every thing I needed to do in a days time. The schedule allowed me to see on a day to day basis what â€Å"free† time I would have after all the must-do’s in my life had been fulfilled. Once I had the term schedule in place, I then had a routine to follow. Following a routine allowed me to stick to my priorities and ensure that the important items in my life were executed on time. When I had free time, I would use that time to do the â€Å"extra’s† in life!! How to cite Process to Becoming a Successful Mother and Student, Essays

Clunker Laws Essay Research Paper IntroI Bet free essay sample

Clunker Laws Essay, Research Paper Presentation: I Bet that most all of you like authoritative autos. I mean, what # 8217 ; s non to wish. If it # 8217 ; s non the rumbling of a large block underfoot, so it # 8217 ; s the feel of the air current in your hair when you drive your restored 1971 Plymouth Cuda Convertible. It # 8217 ; s manfully, it # 8217 ; s American, it # 8217 ; s merely obviously cool to be seen in any of the musculus auto epoch vehicles. Everyone has had an older auto. If you # 8217 ; re non driving it because it # 8217 ; s cool, so you # 8217 ; re driving it because it # 8217 ; s the lone thing you can afford. No affair why you # 8217 ; re driving an older auto doesn # 8217 ; t affair, It # 8217 ; s your right as an American to ain and drive whatever type of auto you please. But for how long? ? ? If the powerful EPA bureaucratism, Industrial mills, and Vice President Al Gore have their manner, so many of us will be forced into the purchase of newer, less-polluting vehicles, many of which we can non afford. We will write a custom essay sample on Clunker Laws Essay Research Paper IntroI Bet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On June 2, 1995, Governor Whitman of New Jersey signed statute law # SCS-1700. It is NOW LAW, and is to the full implemented against all New Jersey auto and truck proprietors. Briefly, SCS-1700 states the followers: All motor vehicles over four old ages old will be required to describe to new CENTRALIZED Testing FACILITIES for # 8220 ; ENHANCED EMISSIONS INSPECTIONS # 8221 ; If your auto or truck fails this test-the vehicle MUST be taken off the route. Merely three per centum of those vehicles neglecting the trial and holding already spent a lower limit of $ 450 for fixs will be granted a release leting them to stay on the route for two more old ages. You have no entreaty and no other options. Motor vehicle reviews cost $ 24. The I/M ENHANCED EMISSIONS TEST, in which an operator # 8220 ; drives # 8221 ; your auto through a fake ergometer route trial, is DESIGNED TO FAIL 60 % OF ALL CARS, this harmonizing to the EPA. Almost no vehicles over 10 old ages old are expected to go through. You have no protection against harm or the devastation of your vehicle by such emphasis proving methods. 97 % of those vehicles neglecting the new enhanced emanations test have their enrollment reclamation automatically denied by the province. Such vehicles can non be sold to any oth er single or trader and basically go FORFEITED TO THE STATE†¦ which will have â€Å"pollution credits† they can sell to industrial defilers for every vehicle they take off the route. Owners of failed vehicles must give up their licence home bases within 45 days†¦and since NJ jurisprudence already prohibits you from holding an unregistered vehicle on your ain belongings, local jurisprudence enforcement can so prehend it at will. Helping it in this attempt, NJ DEP late revised the state’s definition of â€Å"quasi public† to include â€Å"ALL RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS AND PARKING LOTS† – Yes, you’ve besides lost your private belongings rights! Repairs can merely be attempted by a STATE CERTIFIED REPAIR FACILITY # 8230 ; to which you have no say about work quality or cost. You can no longer lawfully execute emanations related fixs yourself, nor can you take it to your trusted machinist ( unless they foremost receive province enfranchisement and put $ 100,000 in equipment ) . As portion of SCS-1700, barriers will be established throughout the province to randomly prove a per centum of all vehicles. Automated feeling devices will be installed along New Jersey highways to supervise your vehicle # 8217 ; s emanations as you drive by. Violators of the new emanation criterions will hold their licence plates PHOTOGRAPHED ; therefore enabling the province to issue biddings through the mail. Severe punishments, mulcts, and gaol clip have been attached to all misdemeanors of this new statute law. In fact, the province will get down kicking back a committee to local constabulary for their aid in prehending your auto! Remember, SCS-1700 is aimed at TAKING YOUR CAR OFF THE ROAD! It is aimed at bring forthing one auto households. Collector, hot rod, and hobbyist autos are history. A trim auto for local trips, a teenage driver, pupil, or the commuter park and drive is history. That authoritative Mustang convertible has been redefined as a # 8220 ; gross defiler # 8221 ; and is now targeted by the province for the crusher. Many auto and truck related concerns will endure or neglect. Ironically, province functionaries are urging you start salvaging your money now to purchase a new auto # 8211 ; an impossibleness for most persons given our current local revenue enhancement load of around 50 % .

THE MASS Essays - Anglican Eucharistic Theology,

THE MASS: How I experienced and understood the Mass in my faith journey. I have been going to church every Sunday since I could remember. Every Mass that I attend throughout my life I have felt that I have been getting closer to God. I sometimes look forward to attend Mass and sometimes I do not. I know it is only an hour a week that I have to spend with God but some sometimes I feel that, that is to long and sometimes I get bored at Mass. I know I should not think that, but I think there are a few things that the Catholic Church Committee should do to make Mass a little more interesting. At some churches they have youth ministry that kids can go to and learn about God in a way that they can understand it, but all of that ends when one is around the age of 10 or 11. Unfortunately my church never had a youth ministry. I think that could be one of the reasons why I never was really interested in the Mass until I was like 13 or 14 years of age. The Mass at the Catholic Church is universal everything that they do in a Mass in Baton Rouge they do the same in Rome, exceptions for different languages that are spoken. That is what I think is so unique about the Catholic Church everything that goes on in the Mass is the same throughout the whole world. What I find most interesting about the Mass is the Scriptural readings; I find them interesting because it teaches me about all of the biblical characters. I think it is important for all teens to know about their religions history. It teaches them where they came from and shows whom there religious forefathers were. The teaching of the Mass should always be used. Everyone should be kind to one another and show respect to one another. I know that it is just about impossible not to sin but if one does sin which everyone does just about on a everyday basis, one should ask God to forgive them for sinning. The Church teaches us to try not to sin we have been hearing it ever since we were able to understand rite from wrong. If you think about it the Mass is a place to forgive God for your sins. That is where I get too the church is basically the center of your whole entire life, it teaches you rite from wrong. Catholic schools are the big reason why so many kids attend Mass. Unfortunally there are some families out there that do not attend Mass on a regular basis. That is the advantage of parents sending there kids to catholic schools. The kids can go to mass and get a strong understanding of the whole idea of catholic faith. Yet there are also some families that can not afford to pay the tuition for catholic schools that is where the family needs to make there kids get involved with Christian services like volunteering and attend mass on a regular basis. The Mass to me is a sign of independence from your everyday life. It is a one on one time with God. Your special time to get away from everything else that is going on in your everyday life. That is what I think of the Mass and everything that goes on with the Catholic Church.

Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper Essays

Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper Essays Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper Essay Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper Essay Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper HCS/405 November 23, 2011 Reporting Practices and Ethics Paper This paper discusses the elements of financial management that is important to the healthcare organizations, generally accepted accounting principles, and a summary of the articles related to healthcare financial management. Elements of Financial Management There are four different elements used in financial management. These elements include: planning, controlling, organizing and directing, and decision making. Planning Planning is used by the financial manager to recognize steps which must be taken to achieve objectives that are sought by the organization. Controlling The financial manager uses the controlling element to make sure the organization is following the plans that have been customary. This includes studying reports and comparing them with earlier reports. The purpose for the controlling element is to guarantee that plans are being followed as intended for. Organizing and Directed The organizing and directed element is used to ensure that the resources of the organization are being used successfully to accomplish plans that have been established. Decision Making The decision making element is used to make appropriate choices with the alternatives that have been given. GAAP The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, also known as GAAP, are the rules that must be followed by accountants, in the United States, to ensure that their work is legal and ethically correct. This includes their accounting methods, financial statements, and techniques. The GAAP is governed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). General Financial Ethical Standards

Entendiendo la Forma Superlativa en Ingls

Entendiendo la Forma Superlativa en Ingls A continuacià ³n se muestra cà ³mo construir la forma superlativa en inglà ©s: Adjetivos de una Slaba Ponga un the antes del adjetivo y agregue -est al final deà ± adjetivo (Nota: duplique la consonante final si es precedida por una vocal) Ejemplos: cheap - the cheapest / hot - the hottest / high - the highest Ejemplos: Today is the hottest day of the summer.This book is the cheapest I can find. Adjetivos de Dos, Tres o Ms Slabas Ponga the most antes del adjetivo Ejemplos: interesting - the most interesting / difficult - the most difficult Ejemplos: London is the most expensive city in England.That is the most beautiful painting here. Adjetivos de Dos Slabas que Terminan en -y Ponga the antes del adjetivo, quite la y del adjetivo y aà ±ada iest. Ejemplos: happy - the happiest / funny - the funniest Ejemplos: New York is the noisiest city in the USA.He is the most important person I know. EXCEPCIONES IMPORTANTES Existen algunas excepciones importantes a estas reglas. A continuacià ³n hay dos de las excepciones ms importantes: Good good - adjectivethe best - superlative Ejemplos: Peter is the best golf player in the school.This is the best school in the city. Bad bad - adjectivethe worst - superlative Ejemplos: Jane is the worst student in the class.This is the worst day of my life. Pruebe su conocimiento con esta breve prueba.

Discuss O-linked oligosaccharide decoration of proteins in the Essay

Discuss O-linked oligosaccharide decoration of proteins in the production of mucus and its implications in mucus-producing adeno - Essay Example These areas in the glycoprotein are aptly called mucin-like domains. Mucin-related proteins can either be membrane-bound, in which case it is enclosing the cell, or secreted to form the extracellular matrix (Tabak, 2010). In the epithelium, such as those on the surface of gastrointestinal wall, O-glyvans attached to epithelial cell membrane-bound mucin and its related proteins, mostly Muc2, constitute what is commonly called mucus. Mucin glycoproteins are made in enormous amounts by a specialized epithelial cell called the goblet cell. Physiologically, this cell is important in producing the inner mucus layer to replace the outer mucus layer used for bacterial clearance. To produce mucus, Muc2 should first be produced and secreted. They are prepared in the Golgi apparatus, in which the proteins are labeled for transport to the surface (Johansson, 2012). They can be compactly stored in large, regulated secretory mucin granules that can be found on the apical cytoplasm of goblet cells (Perez-Vilar, 2007) 2. Importance of mucus Mucus acts as a barrier from injurious elements to which the gut surface is commonly exposed to, such as bacteria and mechanical forces. Microorganisms are trapped by the outer mucus layer for transport and excretion. ... Defect in mucus production occurs from lack of Muc2 production, Muc2 mutation, or inhibition of glucosyltransferases. Without mucus, bacteria attaches to the epithelium, increases intestinal permeability, and raises risk for colitis (Kim and Ho, 2010). Aside from the gastrointestinal systems, mucus also has a protective function in the respiratory, urogenital, ophalmologic, and auditory systems. Deregulation of its production or composition is implicated in chronic airway diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and cystic fibrosis (Perez-Vilar, 2007). In cystic fibrosis, the alkalization due to the defective intracellular chloride channel caused defects in pH-sensitive glucosyltransferases. The abnormal glycoproteins produced by these defective enzymes also provide receptors for Pseudomonas (Al-Awqati, Barasch, and Landry, 1992). 3. Role in cell signaling The less common O-fucose glycans are attached by O-fucosyltransderase 1 and elongated by ? 1,3N-acetylglu cosaminyltransferases to epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats of Notch protein. EGF repeats are approximately 40-amino acid-long cysteine-rich motifs, including a conserved six cysteine span that forms three conserved disulfide bonds. The sugar moiety modulates protein-protein interactions and downstream signaling. Notch is a membrane-bound signaling receptor important in differentiation. Elongation of O-fucose by Fringe limits Notch activation to the dorsal and ventral boundary, since it limits the binding of Notch with its ligands. Fringe defects result to segmentation and somitogenesis defects in mice. Similar to EGF repeats, Thrombospondin tupe 1 repeats (TSR) are made up of six conserved cysteines and three

Module 2 (SLP) Nature of Health Information Essay

Module 2 (SLP) Nature of Health Information - Essay Example The system produces the output once the throughputs are processed. Output can be in the form of services, goods that the system gives out (Hayajneh, 2012). A data warehouse is where the data in the health informatics system is housed. The warehouse is a combination of databases that are used to store information. The warehouse allows an access of the information by many users. The access of the data by many users opens room for advancement on analysis that is based on analysis. The data and information warehouse are stored in qualitative, analog, and quantitative facts. The format or the stored data vary in storeroom such that it stores electronic patient charts to insurance and accounting records (Curry 2000). The public health information specialists enter data that are used in various applications in the health informatics system. Information specialists are professional specializing in information handling. They enter data and manage the information in the health informatics system. The integrity of the information stores in the health informatics system is important. To protect health data and information, many medical organizations and hospitals may use verification procedures that are the use of keys, passwords, and other automatic identifiers. These techniques will help to protect the integrity of the patient data (Buckovich

Embracing the World through Hospitality Course Essay Example for Free

Embracing the World through Hospitality Course Essay Traveling is one of the most exciting and adventurous experiences that an individual could ever have in his or her life. Almost everyone has a dream of traveling the world to see the things beyond their horizon. It has been said that an individual who travels a lot, learns and experiences a lot. This is one of the reasons why I chose to take a hospitality course. Aside from the fact that I do love traveling, I also wanted to learn and experience more. I want to discover all the wonders of the world and be able to share it with other people. Among the greatest experiences that contribute to my desire to be involved in hospitality service are my travel experiences in various countries like South Africa, Senegal, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica. Through these experiences, I came to realize how wonderful our civilization is. I also came to discover that there are other rich cultures outside my territory and knowing other culture has made me aware how important the concepts of understanding is. I grew up in a country where racism is prevalent. The differences among cultures are the reasons why some people tend to harm people who behave differently from them. My travel experiences taught me the value of going beyond our horizon and getting to know other people as well. Their knowledge and experiences might be helpful and significant in one way or another as we traverse the roads of our life. I want to discover the world. This is also one of the reasons why I want to take a hospitality course. The importance of discovering the world would make us more academically, emotionally, mentally and physically involved in promoting the good of what we have. Indeed, like plants and animals, we are inhabiting a place that is more mystical and complicated in many sense. But unlike these creatures, we have the power to think and act according to what would be good for this earth. I may sound like a Miss Universe candidate answering a question that is likely to influence my audience, yet my claim that we could do more things to make this world more comprehensible, best managed, and taken cared of is indeed possible. Through hospitality course, I know in my self that I could be one of those individuals working to promote the best of this world. Moreover, studying the different aspects of our society, specifically of the different countries, would make me aware of how these countries, despite their differences, were able to build and employ an international relationship that has unity and coherence. Knowledge in history, economy, politics and other important aspects or systems of different countries would enable me to devise an activity or program that would promote understanding and encourage unity from different people. Through this, people with racist attitude might be reduced, particularly in many racist countries. Indeed, my love of traveling in different places made me a more open person, with lots of dreams for my country and for the whole world as well. My travels and discovery of other cultures such as what people in South Africa, Senegal, Brazil, Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica also made me a more knowledgeable and improved individual such that embracing other peoples culture and studying the different systems of their country have enlightened me that it is not enough that I am living within my horizon because life and discovery beyond this is significant in many ways as we are living in a diverse world. I do hope to become a part of the hospitality industry for me to be able to share to other people how wonderful our complex world is, how important hospitality industry in supporting the countrys economy, and how understanding differences in culture and other systems make us a better person. In addition, I hope to become a part of the hospitality industry for me to be able to serve the diverse people of this world in the most applicable and appropriate way that would satisfy them and make them realize how wonderful it is to travel and discover the world.

Rutherfords Gold Foil Experiment :: essays research papers

Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment Rutherford started his scientific career with much success in local schools leading to a scholarship to Nelson College. After achieving more academic honors at Nelson College, Rutherford moved on to Cambridge University's Cavendish laboratory. There he was lead by his mentor J.J. Thomson convinced him to study radiation. By 1889 Rutherford was ready to earn a living and sought a job. With Thomson's recommendation McGill University in Montreal accepted him as a professor of chemistry. Upon performing many experiments and finding new discoveries at McGill university, Rutherford was rewarded the nobel prize for chemistry. In 1907 he succeded Arthur Schuster at the University of Manchester. He began persuing alpha particles in 1908. With the help of Geiger he found the number of alpha particles emitted per second by a gram of radium. He was also able to confirm that alpha particles cause a faint but discrete flash when striking luminescent zinc sulfide screen. These great accomplishments are all overshadowed by Rutherford's famous Gold Foil experiment which revolutionized the atomic model. This experiment was Rutherford's most notable achievement. It not only disproved Thomson's atomic model but also paved the way for such discoveries as the atomic bomb and nuclear power. The atomic model he concluded after the findings of his Gold Foil experiment have yet to be disproven. The following paragraphs will explain the significance of the Gold Foil Experiment as well as how the experiment contradicted Thomson's atomis model. Rutherford began his experiment with the philosophy of trying "any dam fool experiment" on the chance it might work.1 With this in mind he set out to disprove the current atomic model. In 1909 he and his partner, Geiger, decided Ernest Marsden, a student of the University of Manchester, was ready for a real research project.2 This experiment's apparatus consisted of Polonium in a lead box emitting alpha particles towards a gold foil. The foil was surrounded by a luminescent zinc sulfide screen to detect where the alpha particles went after contacting the gold atoms. Because of Thomson's atomic model this experiment did not seem worthwhile for it predicted all the alpha particles would go straight through the foil. Despite however unlikely it may have seemed for the alpha particles to bounce off the gold atoms, they did. Leaving Rutherford to say, "It was almost as incredible as if you fired a fifteen-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you." Soon he came up with a new atomic model based on the results of this experiment. Nevertheless his findings and the new atomic model was mainly ignored by the scientific community at the

Bhagat Singh, Indian Freedom Fighter Essay

Bhagat Singh, the epitome of heroism, was a revolutionist during the Colonial Period in India. Bhagat Singh was well known for his admiration of martyrdom. Bhagat Singh was one of the most well known Indian freedom fighters and Indian revolutionaries and who contributed significantly in the Indian Freedom Struggle against the British. Singh was born in a family that was actively involved in revolutionary activities against the British rule in the country. He is also addressed as Shaheed Bhagat Singh, meaning martyr. Singh was born in a Sikh family which was involved in revolutionary endeavors against the British. He was a prominent member of various revolutionary associations and was also one of the major leaders of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), which was later known as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in the year 1928. Early Life of Bhagat Singh Bhagat Singh was born on 28th September, 1907 to Sardar Kishan Singh Sandhu and Sardarni Vidyavati Kaur, in Khatkar Kalan village in Lyallpur district of Punjab. Arya Samaj had a strong on the life of Sardar Kishan Singh. His uncles as well as his father were all part of the Ghadar Party that was led by Kartar Singh Sarabha. The Jalianwalabagh Massacre, which took place in Punjab in 1919, had a deep impact on the mind of young Bhagat Singh. In the year 1920, Mahatma Gandhi started the Non Cooperation Movement. Bhagat Singh actively participated with a great hope that this movement would bring freedom to the country. Bhagat Singh challenged the British rule and followed the wishes of Mahatma Gandhi by burning his government-school books and imported clothes. During his early age, Bhagat Singh used to read a lot of literature and poetries especially written by Punjabi writers. Allama Iqbal from Sialkot, who was also a freedom fighter, was Bhagat Singh`s favourite poet. By winning an essay competition that was organised by Punjab Hindi Sahitya Sammelan in 1923, young Bhagat Singh attracted the attention of the Punjab Hindi Sahitya Sammelan. Initially, he studied at the National College in Lahore. But after some time, he ran away from his home in order to escape  early marriage. Contributions of Bhagat Singh Bhagat Singh became an active member of Naujawan Bharat Sabha and also joined Hindustan Republican Association, which was headed by Ashfaqulla Khan and Ram Prasad Bismil. Later on, he became the leader of the association. On 30th of October, 1928, a protest was led by Lala Lajpat Rai against Simon Commission but that too in a non violent way. During this protest, the police resorted to Lathi charge and Lala Lajpat Rai was severely beaten. After this incident, Bhagat Singh with other revolutionaries, planed to kill the police chief. But because of a mistaken identity, J. P. Saunders, a Deputy Superintendent of Police was shot instead of Scott. Immediately after that, Bhagat Singh left Lahore and he also shaved his beard and cut his hair to avoid recognition. After this incident, the Defence of India Act was enacted by the British government in order to give more power to the police. On the other hand, in response to this act, Hindustan Socialist Republican Association planned to blast a bomb particularly in the assembly, where the act was supposed to be passed. According to their plan, it was decided that Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt would throw the bombs. On April 8, 1929, they threw the bombs; however it neither killed nor injured anyone. Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt surrendered themselves for arrest. They were sentenced to Transportation for Life for the incident. It was after their arrest that the British rulers came to know that Singh was involved in the murder case of J.P. Saunders. He admitted his crime and made statements in the court against the British as a tool to publicize their cause of freedom struggle. However, the court ordered the case to be carried out without members of the association who were present at the hearing. This order produced a chaos amongst the supporters of Bhagat Singh. Bhagat Singh along with other prisoners launched hunger strike in the jail. The main reason behind this was that the British thieves and murderers were given better treatment than the Indian prisoners. According to law the Indian political prisoners were supposed to be given better rights. He also demanded that the Indian political prisoners should not be forced to do any sort of undignified work. This hunger strike lasted for 63 days and ended with the submission of British power. With this, he gained tremendous popularity. Ideology of Bhagat Singh Bhagat Singh used to maintain diary while in jail. The diary was a precious one as he made numerous notes relating to the quotations and popular sayings of various people whose vies he supported, prominent were of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Political thought of Bhagat Singh`s evolved gradually from Gandhian nationalism to revolutionary Marxism. By the end of 1928, Singh and his comrades renamed their organisation the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. After going through the teachings of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Vladimir Lenin, he came to believe that, India with such a large and diverse population could only survive properly under a socialist regime. Bhagat Singh became the first socialist leader of the country. Bhagat Singh was hanged on 23rd March, 1931 at 7:30 pm, in Lahore Jail, along with fellow revolutionaries Sukhdev and Jai Rajguru. After his execution, youths in the country rioted in protest. Thus the desire of Bhagat Singh to inspire thousands of youths to assist the Indian independence movement took a serious turn.

Evaluation education Essay

Assessment is a systematic process of collecting information or evidence about a student’s progress towards meeting the learning expectations. Assessment is embedded in the instructional activities throughout a unit. The expectations for the assessment tasks are clearly articulated and the learning activity is planned to make that demonstration possible. This process of beginning with the end in mind helps to keep focus on the expectations of the course. The purpose of assessment is to gather the data or evidence and to provide meaningful feedback to the student about how to improve or sustain the performance in the course. Scaled criteria designed as rubrics are often used to help the student to recognize their level of achievement and to provide guidance on how to achieve the next level. Although assessment information can be gathered from a number of sources (the student himself, the student’s course mates, the teacher), evaluation is the responsibility of only the teacher. For evaluation is the process of making a judgment about the assessment information and determining the percentage grade or level. Assessment is embedded within the instructional process throughout each unit rather than being an isolated event at the end. Often, the learning and assessment tasks are the same, with formative assessment provided throughout the unit. In every case, the desired demonstration of learning is articulated clearly and the learning activity is planned to make that demonstration possible. This process of beginning with the end in mind helps to keep focus on the expectations of the course as stated in the course guideline. The evaluations are expressed as a percentage based upon the levels of achievement.

How to Break Into the Greeting Card Industry

How to Break Into the Greeting Card Industry Making extra income doesnt have to take hours away from your leisure time. In fact, if you have a way with words, you can make as much as $75 in as little as half an hour. The greeting card industry is enormous and boasts billions of dollars in sales annually. Greeting card companies are always on the lookout for the next best idea and pay contributors very well. The pay scale ranges from $75 to $300 for a few heartwarming, romantic or funny lines. This makes greeting card writing one of the best-paid gigs for clever writers.   Anyone who has ever stood in a greeting card aisle and thought, I could write a better card than that, is welcome to send submissions to the dozens of card lines looking for freelance writers. Theres some basics that writers should know before pitching their ideas to card publishers: 1. Artists and writers are hired separately. A writers input on artwork may or not be solicited. Dont send your artwork unless its expressly permitted in the publishers submission guidelines. 2. Shop markets akin to your writing. Blue Mountain Arts creates poetic cards. Smart Alex creates racy humor cards. Peruse the companys current line so that you dont accidentally submit a raunchy birthday card to a devoutly Christian publisher and get yourself blacklisted. 3. Track markets and submissions.   Refrain from simultaneous submissions of card ideas. Feel free to submit rejected content to similar markets once its returned to you. Create a spreadsheet to help you keep track of when and where you sent each submission. Number your card ideas to make them easier to track. 4. Less is more. Writing cards isnt rocket science, but it is a distinct style of writing. Use words sparingly and intentionally. Cards are written in a conversational tone, not glittering Elizabethan prose. You should write greeting cards as if you are talking to your best friend, spouse or grandma, but not at the same time. That may make for an awkward card. 5. Broad approach has greater reach. Not everyone has had a Persian cat named Pocahontas recently pass away. However, there are many people who have recently lost a beloved pet. To those card buyers I send my condolences, because its awful to lose a pet. To card writers, I offer a piece of advice: Keep your ideas broad enough that they appeal to a large market, but narrow enough that they feel genuine to readers. 6. Request writers guidelines or research them online. Each card publisher has distinct tastes and submission preferences. In that way, they are very similar to literary agents and publishers. Take the time to do your homework. Many card publishers post their submission guidelines on their sites. Some will send their guidelines and current needs if you request them. This is the preferred method, because it clues you in to what they are shopping for in their next line. 7. Follow the publishers submission format. Greeting card publishers do not subscribe to a specified submission format. In this way they are akin to literary agents and publishers, but thats where the similarities end. Greeting card submissions are much shorter and far easier to compose than queries. This doesnt mean writers may fling grammatical caution to the wind. Be sure to follow the format so your submission isnt tossed. If the submission guidelines dont specify a format, the one provided below is acceptable: OCCASION: Birthday OUTSIDE TEXT: Place outside text here INSIDE TEXT: Place inside text here OUTSIDE IMAGE SUGGESTION: Place any art ideas here Marilyn Dunroe, mdunroe@gmail.com, 321-321-3321 8. Search for additional markets. Check the backs of the cards being sold in your local chain and specialty stores for publisher info. Most cards are imprints of American Greetings and other large publishers. They occasionally hold contests, but hire staff writers to create their content. Smaller publishers are more apt to accept unsolicited submissions. Card writing is a great way to earn extra income from the comfort of your home for the small sum of your clever quips. Ready to get started? Good. Heres a list of card publishers that accept submissions from freelance writers: Oatmeal Studios: Style: lighthearted humor Blue Mountain Arts: Style: poetic heartfelt verse Calypso Cards: Style: modern, sassy (offers a line of divorce cards) Smart Alex: Style: controversial and crude humor

Smooth operations - Emphasis

Smooth operations Smooth operations There is a corner of Emphasis Towers dedicated solely to the behind-the-scenes team known as Operations. We are the stage-hands to the trainers thespians; the gaffers to Client Relations stage directors. And while we may be hidden away like Quasimodo in his bell tower, we do have the pleasure of knowing it would be hard to pull off the show without us. It is, of course, Client Relations who will venture out to meet you, get to know you and your business, and discover just how Emphasis can help to make your documents shine; our course developers who design a programme to move and motivate you to be the best business writer possible; and our trainers who will analyse your work and deliver the goods on the day. Were squirreled away in the midst of all this, gathering up the vital pieces of information like so many acorns for winter. And we like to follow our own companys advice in Operations Corner: Well put the reader first by presenting you with only what you need to know to get everyone to where they need to be. We have the whys and hows, so well just ask for your whos, wheres and whens. We helpfully punctuate this with requests that guide you through: well elicit writing samples; extract dates, timings, attendee and venue information and you wont feel a thing. Well build a logical structure from one end of the process to the other to the delegate list we add samples, to the samples we add graphs; well print and bind the manuals, copy and file worksheets; well send the trainer to you with everything they need to address all your business-writing needs. On the day of your course, by the first chorus of: So thats how to use an apostrophe! we may not even be a speck in your memory. But then a good operations team is like good writing: efficient, effective, invisible.

Quantitative and Qualitaitve Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Quantitative and Qualitaitve Analysis - Essay Example hieved through the study and analysis of the structure of the dataset, trends and hypothesis testing in regard to the average or mean of different countries. The paper is going to apply both descriptive and inferential statistics in order to achieve its primary objective which is comparison of CCI between various countries and regions in Europe. The data on Consumer Confidence Indicator (CCI) was collected using survey questionnaires. These questionnaires are made up of combination of questions regarding any possible indicators consumption. Twelve questions were included in the questionnaire but one of the questions was excluded since there was no coordination across the selected nations. Questionnaires were distributed randomly to respondents in the selected regions. A household was allowed to fill only one questionnaire since the intentions of a household whether to save or spend is a potential variable that reflects its budget limit. Thus, this forms a household consumption indicator that is computed recorded and used in computations of the national or regional consumer index (Merkle, Langer & Sussman, 2004). The dataset has six distinct variables. Five of the variables are the consumer confidence indicators of different European nations and regions whereas one variable is coded 0 and 1 for the purposes of comparison of CCI between two variables; Cyprus and Greece. This variable is based on a group of European nations that take part in global economics. It is abbreviated as EU.CONS in the dataset. Just like other variables, this variable has 131 observations, measured and recorded on a ratio scale. This variable is based on a European monetary union comprising of 19 nations that are using euro (â‚ ¬) as a common currency. It is abbreviated as EA.CONS in the dataset and has a total of 131 observations measured and recorded on a ratio scale. CY.EL.compare is the sixth variable that compares CCI of Cyprus and Greece. It is assigned values 1 if CCI of Cyprus is

Nigeria civil war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nigeria civil war - Essay Example By such a level of analysis, this student hopes to explain the conflict more fully. The â€Å"Who and What† of Boko Haram: Founded in 2001, the rebel Boko Haram is a Salafist Islamic insurgency that wants to overthrow the existing democratically elected government of Nigeria and replace it with a government founded upon Sharia’ah law. This particular group was founded in 2001 by Mohammed Yusuf. Keeping in line with the radical level of Islamic groups that exist throughout the world beginning at the turn of the 21st century, Yusef saw the existing Nigerian government as corrupt, worldly, and unrepresentative of the Islamic communities that live throughout northern reaches of Nigeria. In trying to understand the Nigerian Civil War to a more complete degree, one should understand the fact that Nigeria is a multiethnic, multiracial, and multi-religious society (Nwenta, 2013). A large percentage of Nigeria is Christian; whereas a large minority is Muslim. It should not be un derstood that the entire Muslim population supports Boko Haram. However, a great deal of support has been generated for Boko Haram within territory that it occupies due to repression, threats, and a certain level of approval on the part of the general population. The Government and Natural Resource Wealth: From the government perspective, it must be understood that Nigeria is a resource rich territory. The government has been able to fund its activities and provide basic services to its population due to the fact that it gains a high level of revenue from these natural resources. This is both a blessing and a curse due to the fact that the Islamic insurgency is interested in getting its hands on the revenue from the economy. In order to understand the Civil War to a more effective degree, it must also be understood that neither side of this particular struggle is ultimately representative of the â€Å"good† or the â€Å"bad† (Yenta, 2013). Two Sides to a Bloody Situati on: Whereas it is true that Boko Haram has been responsible for many tragedies, such as murdering entire villages and/or killing indiscriminately based only upon religion, the governmental response to this separatist movement/civil war has been equally heavy-handed. Many examples exist of the government forces indiscriminately murdering large groups of people due to the fact that they supported or gave refuge in some way shape or form to Boko Haram. This ultimately is a counterproductive effort on the part of the strategic resolution to the Nigerian Civil War. Due to the fact that the government response has been so heavy-handed, it has oftentimes turned individuals away from the government into the arms of Boko Haram. In order to understand this insurgency to a more full and complete degree, it is necessary to understand the disillusionment that has taken place within Nigeria. Many individuals involved in the Civil War have only come to be involved due to the fact that they no long er believe that the government can have a positive impact in their lives. In this way, they turn to Boko Haram as a way of seeking to find another path in the process of nation building. Many outside nations have tried to provide support for the government; however, the level of corruption and the failure of government forces to be able to secure their own territory

Brands and other intangible assets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Brands and other intangible assets - Essay Example The financial status with a brand becomes more distinguished as relations to consumers are built through the brand valuation. Recognizing the brand as an intangible asset becomes essential to a corporation because of the impact it has on consumer spending as well as on the financial future of a company. If finances begin to fluctuate from stable growth to increases and decreases in the company, then it can be noted as a direct link to the intangible asset of brand valuation (Wood, 662, 2000). Branding is a concept that began centuries ago as many began to associate the idea of ownership with the products they owned. Branding a home or slaves was the concept used by those who were interested in keeping and maintaining a personal establishment. The main concept was to recognize ownership specifically to gather a return on investment for the ownership. The concept of branding for businesses began to boom with the emergence of the industrial revolution and the building of companies into national entities. During this time, the competition to create products at a mass level while outdoing competitors became the main concept. In the 1920s, General Motors, Ford and companies such as P&G began to use their name identity as a tactic for overcoming the competition. As these brands were identified as an intangible asset demand increased as well as the accounting structure. As consumerism began to rise in the 1980s, most businesses began to incorporate branding into their main ident ity as it was noted that financial differences occurred when a brand was recognized. The main concept was to create a higher amount of demand from potential customers while allowing customers to become loyal to the brand identity over other competitors. The result was the ability to not only build reputation, but also to change the financial increases within a corporation. The concept of brand identity during the 1980s and 1990s also began to emerge at a global level,

Information About The Relative Worth Of An Employee Commerce Essay

Information About The Relative Worth Of An Employee Commerce Essay Performance appraisal is the process of obtaining, analyzing and recording information about the relative worth of an employee. The focus of the performance appraisal is measuring and improving the actual performance of the employee and also the future potential of the employee. Its aim is to measure what an employee does. According to Flippo, a prominent personality in the field of Human resources, performance appraisal is the systematic, periodic and an impartial rating of an employees excellence in the matters pertaining to his present job and his potential for a better job. Performance appraisal is a systematic way of reviewing and assessing the performance of an employee during a given period of time and planning for his future Objectives Of Performance appraisal: To review the performance of the employees over a given period of time. To judge the gap between the actual and the desired performance. To help the management in exercising organizational control. Helps to strengthen the relationship and communication between superior subordinates and management employees. To diagnose the strengths and weaknesses of the individuals so as to identify the training and development needs of the future. To provide feedback to the employees regarding their past performance. Provide information to assist in the other personal decisions in the organization. Provide clarity of the expectations and responsibilities of the functions to be performed by the employees. To judge the effectiveness of the other human resource functions of the organization such as recruitment, selection, training and development. To reduce the grievances of the employees. Performance appraisal of employee is important in managing the human resource of an organization. With the change towards knowledge-based capitalism, maintaining talented knowledge workers is critical. However, management classification of outstanding, poor and average performance may not be an easy decision. Besides that, superior might also tend to judge the work performance of their subordinates informally and arbitrarily especially without the existence of a system of appraisal. Performance appraisal of candidates in relation to a particular position, is a key task towards managing the human resources of an organization. Supervisors are concerned with performance appraisal judgments and evaluations that they have to make on their subordinates. On the other hand, subordinates are increasingly realizing the importance of performance appraisal since it would very much affect their rewards and future career path. As the world began to shift towards knowledge based capitalism, it reminds all organizations on the importance of maintaining their talented knowledge workers. Performance appraisal is usually conducted periodically within an organization to examine and discuss the work performance of subordinate so as to identify the strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities for improvement among employees. Following this, most of the employers use the performance appraisal result to determine if a particular staff should be terminated or reinforced; as an employee development and coaching tool; to give a practical evaluation of an employees readiness for promotion; and to serve as the foundation for giving merit bonus. Some companies do not havea formal appraisal system and as a result the company gets infected with certain drawbacks like under motivated and under committed workers. In a recent Human Resources Forum poll, 16 percent of the people responding have no performance appraisal system at all. Supervisory opinions, provided once a year, are the only appraisal process for 56 percent of respondents. Another 16 percent described their appraisals as based solely on supervisor opinions, but administered more than once a year. The improvement of performance appraisal systems is a matter of sharing a social definition of performance appraisal that is congruent with the original intent decided by the organisation. The management development professional can aid the process by being educated about appraisal systems, analysing the potential benefits to the organisation, and accepting that all appraisers need training. To help performance appraisal reach its fullest potential, management development professionals need to be political strategists, appraisal system experts, trainers, salespeople and catalysts, in combination. An organization comes across various problems and challenges Of Performance Appraisalin order to make a performance appraisal system effective and successful. The main Performance Appraisal challenges involved in the performance appraisal processare: Identification of the appraisal criteria is one of the biggest problems faced by the top management. The performance data to be considered for evaluation should be carefully selected. For the purpose of evaluation, the criteria selected should be in quantifiable or measurable terms Top management should choose the raters or the evaluators carefully. They should have the required expertise and the knowledge to decide the criteria accurately. They should have the experience and the necessary training to carry out the appraisal process objectively. Many errors based on the personal bias like stereotyping, halo effect (i.e. one trait influencing the evaluators rating for all other traits) etc. may creep in the appraisal process. Therefore the rater should exercise objectivity and fairness in evaluating and rating the performance of the employees. The appraisal process may face resistance from the employees and the trade unions for the fear of negative ratings. Therefore, the employees should be communicated and clearly explained the purpose as well the process of appraisal. The standards should be clearly communicated and every employee should be made aware that what exactly is expected from him/her.    The appraisal process might also be influenced by the following factors relating to the forms that are used by raters: The rating scale may be quite vague and unclear The rating form may ignore important aspects of job performance. The rating form may contain additional, irrelevant performance dimensions. The forms may be too long and complex. The raters may not be adequately trained to carry out performance management activities. This becomes a serious limitation when the technical competence of a ratee is going to be evaluated by a rater who has limited functional specialization in that area. The raters may not have sufficient time to carry out appraisals systematically and conduct thorough feedback sessions. Sometimes the raters may not be competent to do the evaluations owing to a poor self-image and lack of self-confidence. They may also get confused when the objectives of appraisal are somewhat vague and unclear. If the sincere appraisal effort put in by a rater is not suitably rewarded, the motivation to do the job thoroughly finishes off. Sometimes, low ratings given by raters are viewed negatively by management as a sign of failure on the part of rater or as an indication of employee discontent. So, most employees receive satisfactory ratings, despite poor performance. Normally, the raters immediate supervisor must approve the ratings. However, in actual practice, this does not happen. As a result the rater goes off the hook and causes considerable damage to the rating process. If the rater dislikes any employee, he may rate them at the lower end and this may distort the rating purpose and affect the career of these employees. A person outstanding in one area tends to receive outstanding or better than average ratings in other areas as well, even when such a rating is undeserved. To minimizing the halo effect, you should appraise all the employees by one trait before going to rate on the basis of another trait. In general, raters remember the recent appraisal of the employee and they usually follow appraisal results last time. Some of the biases all managers should refrain from while conducting the performance evaluation are as follows:- (i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First impressions (primacy effect): The appraisers first impressions of a candidate may color his evaluation of all subsequent behavior. In the case of negative primacy effect, the employee may seem to do nothing right; in the case of a positive primacy effect, the employee can do no wrong (Harris, p.192). (ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Halo: The Halo error occurs when one aspect of the subordinates performance affects the raters evaluation of other performance dimensions. If a worker has few absences, his supervisor might give the worker a high rating in all other areas of work. Similarly an employee might be rated high on performance simply because he had a good dress sense and comes to office punctually!. (iii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Horn effect: The raters bias is in the other direction, where one negative quality of the employee is being rated harshly. For example, the ratee does not smile normally, so he cannot get along with people! (iv)  Ã‚   Leniency: Depending on raters own mental make-up at the time of appraisal, raters may be rated very strictly or very leniently. Appraisers generally find evaluating others difficult, especially where negative ratings have to be given. A professor might hesitate to fail a candidate when all other students have cleared the examination. The Leniency error can render an appraisal system ineffective. If everyone is to be rated high, the system has not done anything to differentiate among employees. (v)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Central tendency: An alternative to the leniency effect is the central tendency, which occurs when appraisers rate all employees as average performers. For example, a professor, with a view to play it safe, might give a class  grades nearly equal to B, regardless of the differences in individual performance. (vi)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stereotyping: Stereotyping is a mental picture that an individual holds about a person because of that persons sex, age, religion, caste, etc. By generalizing behavior on the basis of such blurred images, the rater grossly overestimates or underestimates a persons performance. For example, employees from rural areas might be rated poorly by raters having a sophisticated urban background if they view rural background negatively. (vii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recency effect: In this case the rater gives greater weightage to recent occurrences than earlier performance. For example, an excellent performance that may be six or seven months old is conveniently forgotten while giving a poor rating to an employees performance which is not so good in recent weeks. Alternatively, the appraisal process may suffer due to a spill over effect which takes place when past performance influences present ratings. In conclusion I would state that performance appraisals are important to any organization. The procedure should be carried out effectively. The reward and point system for human capital is vital for the employee development and also for the organization to reach its corporate goals. Some of the topics discussed aboce should be avoided and the above written issues should be catered to while a manager conducts a performance appraisal system within the organization.

Elizabeth The Film Essay -- essays papers

Elizabeth The Film Theme of the Film: How Elizabeth managed to gain the throne through turmoil, and then maintain it through even greater conflict and opposition. Greatest Surprise of the Film: The attention to detail and the symbolism employed to make the story richer than any other period piece. The script was also very well written, and very well paced making the movie much more enjoyable to watch because it was interesting and did not drag. Historical Characters Prioritized: Elizabeth I, Duke of Leicester, Sir William Cecil, Walsingham, Duke of Norfolk, Mary Queen of Scots, and the Vatican, various potential suitors to Elizabeth I. Understanding Clarified Which Would Not Be Achieved Through Reading Alone: Elizabeth’s political struggles greatly affected her personal life. Being a passionate woman did not make this easy, and she was forced to give up much, even love, for her rule and her state. Summary: The film Elizabeth is set in 1552, mid sixteenth century, when a shift in power is about to occur in the British Empire. The daughter of Henry VIII and one of his many headless brides, Elizabeth was not only outcast because of this, but because of her protestant religious beliefs and affiliations. Her half sister Mary, along with her sister’s husband Philip II of Spain, ruled the English Empire at this time. They were both strict to the catholic faith and when they felt the threat of their protestant relative. They had her arrested and brought to the Tower of London for interrogation, and hopefully a confession of treasonous heresy. But in a turn of events, Mary dies without giving way to signing Elizabeth’s death warrant. Suddenly a â€Å"protestant heretic† is upon the throne of England. So Elizabeth I, of the house of Tudor, begins her rule of the English Empire on a wobbly footing. With the likes of the Duke of Norfolk and up even to as high as the Vatican itself, plotting against the new Queen, and Elizabeth’s personal endeavors complicating her rule, Elizabeth must choose wisely in her actions so not to lose her throne or her head. Biding by the advice of her trusted counsel including her lover, the Duke of Leicester, Sir William Cecil, her only real father figure, and her advisor and bodyguard Walsingham, Elizabeth tried to bring her rule and her state to order. In the end, Elizabeth has to give her love and he... ... film good. 3. Results? A great script, concentrated direction, brilliant lighting and cinematography, etc. all helped make the film very good. But the core of this film is definitely the emotion. The acting was wonderful and the story was nothing short of great. These were the hearts of the film. Recommendations for Future Use of this Film: This films gives amazing insight into what royalty have to go through. It was informative about the religious struggles in Europe in the sixteenth century, as well as the overall fight for power the throne causes. The film brings much attention to the idea of corruption and betrayal, especially those you very much love and trust. The film focuses on the idea of sacrifice. Elizabeth had to sacrifice her own personal life in the end in order to secure her rule and remain queen of England. She symbolically cut her hair and became â€Å"The Virgin Queen,† deciding to never again let man or romance get in the way of the throne. Did she truly want to do this, or was it just a necessary evil? All that we are told is that she remained at the throne for another forty years after this film ends, and that her rule is considered England’s â€Å"Golden Age.†

What Impression Does Steinbeck Give of Life in the Bunkhouse?

What impression does Steinbeck give of life in the bunkhouse at the beginning of the novel? Steinbeck describes the bunk house as a plain, dark, hostile place with â€Å"small, square windows†, this creates the impression of a dark, lonely environment. The workers don’t have proper chairs to sit on, using â€Å"grouped boxes†, this shows that there is no comfort within the bunkhouse. The workers belongings are kept in an â€Å"apple box† which shows little luxury and comfort. This image is the opposite to the image of the brush; a tranquil, safe place.Using words like â€Å"he stepped out the door into the brilliant sunshine† creates the image of an oppressive room, somewhere you wouldn’t want to stay; a sense of danger nearby. Hierarchy in the ranch is important, some of the characters use body language and clothing to show their status about the ranch. Age has a lot to do with hierarchy in the ranch. We first see this in the image of Candyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s dog, the dog is old and lame, parallel to the image of Candy. The dog is shot later on in the novel because it is worthless in the ranch, because of age similar to Candy.The amount of work Candy can do is limited because of disability and when the boss thinks he cannot do anything else in the ranch, he will be fired and have nowhere to go. The natural authority shows when Candy talks about Crooks, â€Å"Ya see the stable buck’s a nigger. â€Å" this shows that race in the ranch is important in in the hierarchy of the ranch. Crooks is not allowed into the bunkhouse because of race, he sleeps elsewhere, he is lower in the hierarchy of the ranch.Some characters on the ranch have to show their authority by the way that they dress, the boss is an example â€Å"he wore high-heeled boots and spurs to prove he was not a labouring man† this tells us that the boss does not have natural authority within the workers on the ranch and has to prove that he is the boss. Ste inbeck does not give the boss a name because he is such a minimal character in the novel, this shows he is not involved with the workers very much throughout this novel.Curley is another example of this â€Å"like the boss, he wore high-heeled boots† Curley feels threatened by bigger men because he is quite small and feels as though he has to act tougher to be more respected. Curley feels that making up rumours about his wife, â€Å"Curley says he’s keepin’ that hand soft for his wife† will possibly gain him more respect, like he has something to prove, but instead the workers think its disgusting. Another example of natural hierarchy is Slim. Candy tells George and Lennie about Slim as if he is the boss, â€Å"Slim don’t need to wear no high-heeled boots on a grain team. this tells us that all of the workers respect him, he is a natural leader and it doesn’t matter what he wears, they’ll still respect him up to the point Curley apol ogises to him. In the bunkhouse George is suspicious of Candy, â€Å"George said sceptically† this tells us about the distrust between George and the other workers. From this quote we can see the itinerant workers lifestyle, and how isolated and lonely the lifestyle is. When Candy is speaking â€Å"George pretended a lack of interest† which tells us that he doesn’t want to get to involved with the stories Candy tells him.

How does Homer make Essay

The scene with Charybdis and Scylla is one of the best depicted scenes in the whole Odyssey, aiming not to build tension into the readers but to scary or even terrify them. Actually, the whole story does not begin when Odysseus faces the danger but a bit earlier. When Circe tells him what to kind of monster he will meet, this anticipates us to get ready for real horror and builds up the tension as they are sailing. But when the Trojan heroes reach the place the horror is even bigger than what we are ready for. Only the first sentence contains more than enough to see the high seriousness of the situation. Odysseus’ men are â€Å"wailing in terror† i. e. all the braveness and manhood are gone and they look more like women or babies. But all this seems to be quite logical when we read the effective description of Charybdis that Homer uses. Adjectives such as â€Å"awesome†, â€Å"fearful† and â€Å"dreadful† gives the reader the impression that the ship is doomed to disappear forever. Moreover, Charybdis does not just throw away the water but it â€Å"vomits it† and it â€Å"rains down† – verbs showing how massive and powerful the whirlpool is. The simile with â€Å"a cauldron† is not long or detailed, but actually it gives the best possible image of what danger Odysseus and his men are. If they get even one inch closer probably all will be boiled. What completes the picture is the fearful sound Homer includes â€Å"the rocks re-echoed to her fearful roar† – Charybdis resembles a lion ready to swallow everything on his way. Once again the reaction of Odysseus’ men draws an exact image of the terror – â€Å"my men turned pale† – helpless fearing for their lifes, afraid to move or say a word. Thus frozen, now Odysseus’ men face even a bigger surprise and terror with Scylla having grabbed 6 of them. The unexpected change throws the reader in even greater tension, but what is worse is that Odysseus loses his â€Å"strongest men†. Now Homer draws us into one sense – helplessness. First the description of Scylla is skillfully made to show how doomed is the whole situation – she â€Å"snatched† and â€Å"whisked† Odysseus’ comrades while they are â€Å"dangling† in the air. The choice of words is not random, but aims to build up senses of power and violence on the one side and fear and death on the other. Once again Homer uses sounds but this time in a different way. The â€Å"dangling† men are calling Odysseus, who he can’t do anything but standing and looking at them. Just a silent witness. Homer uses a precise simile to draw the way in which Scylla swallows the men. She is like an â€Å"angler† and they are like fish -description that crates the feeling that the sailors are small and insignificant and this is the natural order: the angler must catch his dinner. The reader by now feels more than pity but Homer goes on showing us how the â€Å"little fishes† are suffering and â€Å"struggling† and â€Å"shrieking† in â€Å"desperate throes†, all of this action looking worthless but showing will for life, life that they will lose very soon. Odysseus is sad for his men and admits that he has never seen â€Å"a more pitiable sight†. That makes even bigger impression knowing about Odysseus meetings with the Cyclops, the Laestrygonians, the Sirens etc. He has endured much and seen even more but that is the only moment he feels so helpless, useless and wordless.