Caffeine Lab Report - 769 Words

Isolation of a Natural product, in the experiment caffeine [C8H10N4O2], is based on a series of procedures. Firstly, it is important to examine the structure of caffeine which is an alkaloid. Typically alkaloids are nitrogen based and found in plants, caffeine itself is composed of a purine ring with functional groups of a amide, amine and alkene respectively. Furthermore, Caffeine includeds a lone pair on the nitrogen atom asserting several functional properties(Zhao et al. 206). Under examination of the caffeine structure several intermolecular forces are present including hyrdogen bonding, dipole dipole forces and Van der Waals forces. What this indicates is that caffeine is a polar molecule and reacts moderatley hydrophobically in the†¦show more content†¦In the solid-liquid extraction all water soluble components were sepreated along with the caffeine including the tannins. To further isolate the caffeine and obtain a purer product it was necessary to add sodium carbona te(Zhao et al. 208). This acidic- base reaction (tannins being the acid electrophile and sodium carbonate the base nucleophile) forms conjugate base phenolic salts. Tannins are acidic and thus have an–OH group directly bound to their aromatic ring the addition of a weaker base allows for the deprotonation of said –OH group. Then when the methylene chloride was added the tannins, now a phenolic salt, were insoluble thus resulting in the formation of two layers (organic and aqeous). The aqeuous layer now contains the tannins and chlorphyll and the organic layer the caffeine. This occurs because caffeine is more soluble in the methylene chloride and thus is separtaed into the same layer and the tannin salts and chlorophyll which are insoluble in the methylene chloride remain in the aqeous layer. The organic layer is extracted and undergeos this same washing process again in order to extract the maximum amount of product. Once enough caffeine was extracted a drying agen t of anyhydrous sulfate was added to remove any of the excess water in the organic layer and placed in a hot chamber to evaporate off the methylene chloride. The remaining crystals underwent recrystalization to obtain a pure substance. (Zhao et al. 208). Additional caffeine extractionShow MoreRelatedMelting Point Of Caffeine Lab Report1937 Words   |  8 Pagesisolation of a natural product from a biological source using extraction techniques, and to demonstrate purification by sublimation. We are isolating caffeine from tea. The goals of the experiment are to successfully extract caffeine from the tea solution and to further purify it by sublimation. 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Process to Becoming a Successful Mother and Student Free Essays

The role of a mother is a highly demanding role in itself. Making the choice to become a mother and a college student is even more demanding. Once that choice has been determined, one wants to ensure that they are effective at balancing the two roles successfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Process to Becoming a Successful Mother and Student or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will describe how to maintain a healthy balance between being a successful mother and a successful college student. I implemented a particular process when I decided to enroll in college. I am a mother of 4 children and a step mother of 3 children. I knew that in order to succeed in college and maintain a healthy relationship with my children, I would have to put order into place in both areas of my life. The key to becoming and maintaining success as a mother and a student is centered around organization. The organizational process to being a successful mother and student includes many steps. Those steps include: establishing specific and achievable goals, setting priorities, possessing a mind set of determinatation and devotion, being self disciplined and structured, and lastly, being able to still have time to love and laugh with your family. The first step in my process was establishing specific and achievable goals. I knew what I wanted to do, so I had to get a little more specific with my goals. My goal consisted of the date I planned to graduate, where I wanted to start my career and a dollar figure that I hoped to make. Once I had my goals in place, I then developed the mind set needed to start the mother/student role in movement. I knew I would need to be solely committed and devoted to attending school and maintaining a healthy relationship with my family. I also would remind myself on a daily basis of what my goals were. That would help me continue to be determined and devoted. Once I was enrolled at school and had a schedule in place, my next step was to implement a structed routine. To make this routine, I created a term schedule (fixed, unchanging) for each week. This schedule would list all events in my life for that week that were could not be changed or rescheduled. That would include my class schedule, appropriate study/homework time for each class, doctor appointments for myself or children, commute time to and from school, extracurricular activities for children, church times, meal preparation times, daily chores, allotted family time and sleep times. The term schedule was very detailed, I scheduled every thing I needed to do in a days time. The schedule allowed me to see on a day to day basis what â€Å"free† time I would have after all the must-do’s in my life had been fulfilled. Once I had the term schedule in place, I then had a routine to follow. Following a routine allowed me to stick to my priorities and ensure that the important items in my life were executed on time. When I had free time, I would use that time to do the â€Å"extra’s† in life!! How to cite Process to Becoming a Successful Mother and Student, Essays

Clunker Laws Essay Research Paper IntroI Bet free essay sample

Clunker Laws Essay, Research Paper Presentation: I Bet that most all of you like authoritative autos. I mean, what # 8217 ; s non to wish. If it # 8217 ; s non the rumbling of a large block underfoot, so it # 8217 ; s the feel of the air current in your hair when you drive your restored 1971 Plymouth Cuda Convertible. It # 8217 ; s manfully, it # 8217 ; s American, it # 8217 ; s merely obviously cool to be seen in any of the musculus auto epoch vehicles. Everyone has had an older auto. If you # 8217 ; re non driving it because it # 8217 ; s cool, so you # 8217 ; re driving it because it # 8217 ; s the lone thing you can afford. No affair why you # 8217 ; re driving an older auto doesn # 8217 ; t affair, It # 8217 ; s your right as an American to ain and drive whatever type of auto you please. But for how long? ? ? If the powerful EPA bureaucratism, Industrial mills, and Vice President Al Gore have their manner, so many of us will be forced into the purchase of newer, less-polluting vehicles, many of which we can non afford. We will write a custom essay sample on Clunker Laws Essay Research Paper IntroI Bet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On June 2, 1995, Governor Whitman of New Jersey signed statute law # SCS-1700. It is NOW LAW, and is to the full implemented against all New Jersey auto and truck proprietors. Briefly, SCS-1700 states the followers: All motor vehicles over four old ages old will be required to describe to new CENTRALIZED Testing FACILITIES for # 8220 ; ENHANCED EMISSIONS INSPECTIONS # 8221 ; If your auto or truck fails this test-the vehicle MUST be taken off the route. Merely three per centum of those vehicles neglecting the trial and holding already spent a lower limit of $ 450 for fixs will be granted a release leting them to stay on the route for two more old ages. You have no entreaty and no other options. Motor vehicle reviews cost $ 24. The I/M ENHANCED EMISSIONS TEST, in which an operator # 8220 ; drives # 8221 ; your auto through a fake ergometer route trial, is DESIGNED TO FAIL 60 % OF ALL CARS, this harmonizing to the EPA. Almost no vehicles over 10 old ages old are expected to go through. You have no protection against harm or the devastation of your vehicle by such emphasis proving methods. 97 % of those vehicles neglecting the new enhanced emanations test have their enrollment reclamation automatically denied by the province. Such vehicles can non be sold to any oth er single or trader and basically go FORFEITED TO THE STATE†¦ which will have â€Å"pollution credits† they can sell to industrial defilers for every vehicle they take off the route. Owners of failed vehicles must give up their licence home bases within 45 days†¦and since NJ jurisprudence already prohibits you from holding an unregistered vehicle on your ain belongings, local jurisprudence enforcement can so prehend it at will. Helping it in this attempt, NJ DEP late revised the state’s definition of â€Å"quasi public† to include â€Å"ALL RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS AND PARKING LOTS† – Yes, you’ve besides lost your private belongings rights! Repairs can merely be attempted by a STATE CERTIFIED REPAIR FACILITY # 8230 ; to which you have no say about work quality or cost. You can no longer lawfully execute emanations related fixs yourself, nor can you take it to your trusted machinist ( unless they foremost receive province enfranchisement and put $ 100,000 in equipment ) . As portion of SCS-1700, barriers will be established throughout the province to randomly prove a per centum of all vehicles. Automated feeling devices will be installed along New Jersey highways to supervise your vehicle # 8217 ; s emanations as you drive by. Violators of the new emanation criterions will hold their licence plates PHOTOGRAPHED ; therefore enabling the province to issue biddings through the mail. Severe punishments, mulcts, and gaol clip have been attached to all misdemeanors of this new statute law. In fact, the province will get down kicking back a committee to local constabulary for their aid in prehending your auto! Remember, SCS-1700 is aimed at TAKING YOUR CAR OFF THE ROAD! It is aimed at bring forthing one auto households. Collector, hot rod, and hobbyist autos are history. A trim auto for local trips, a teenage driver, pupil, or the commuter park and drive is history. That authoritative Mustang convertible has been redefined as a # 8220 ; gross defiler # 8221 ; and is now targeted by the province for the crusher. Many auto and truck related concerns will endure or neglect. Ironically, province functionaries are urging you start salvaging your money now to purchase a new auto # 8211 ; an impossibleness for most persons given our current local revenue enhancement load of around 50 % .

THE MASS Essays - Anglican Eucharistic Theology,

THE MASS: How I experienced and understood the Mass in my faith journey. I have been going to church every Sunday since I could remember. Every Mass that I attend throughout my life I have felt that I have been getting closer to God. I sometimes look forward to attend Mass and sometimes I do not. I know it is only an hour a week that I have to spend with God but some sometimes I feel that, that is to long and sometimes I get bored at Mass. I know I should not think that, but I think there are a few things that the Catholic Church Committee should do to make Mass a little more interesting. At some churches they have youth ministry that kids can go to and learn about God in a way that they can understand it, but all of that ends when one is around the age of 10 or 11. Unfortunately my church never had a youth ministry. I think that could be one of the reasons why I never was really interested in the Mass until I was like 13 or 14 years of age. The Mass at the Catholic Church is universal everything that they do in a Mass in Baton Rouge they do the same in Rome, exceptions for different languages that are spoken. That is what I think is so unique about the Catholic Church everything that goes on in the Mass is the same throughout the whole world. What I find most interesting about the Mass is the Scriptural readings; I find them interesting because it teaches me about all of the biblical characters. I think it is important for all teens to know about their religions history. It teaches them where they came from and shows whom there religious forefathers were. The teaching of the Mass should always be used. Everyone should be kind to one another and show respect to one another. I know that it is just about impossible not to sin but if one does sin which everyone does just about on a everyday basis, one should ask God to forgive them for sinning. The Church teaches us to try not to sin we have been hearing it ever since we were able to understand rite from wrong. If you think about it the Mass is a place to forgive God for your sins. That is where I get too the church is basically the center of your whole entire life, it teaches you rite from wrong. Catholic schools are the big reason why so many kids attend Mass. Unfortunally there are some families out there that do not attend Mass on a regular basis. That is the advantage of parents sending there kids to catholic schools. The kids can go to mass and get a strong understanding of the whole idea of catholic faith. Yet there are also some families that can not afford to pay the tuition for catholic schools that is where the family needs to make there kids get involved with Christian services like volunteering and attend mass on a regular basis. The Mass to me is a sign of independence from your everyday life. It is a one on one time with God. Your special time to get away from everything else that is going on in your everyday life. That is what I think of the Mass and everything that goes on with the Catholic Church.